capistrano简介

Fri, 29 Jun 2018 06:32:56 +0000

用ruby写的用于远程自动推送部署工具。官网 github

cap install

自动生成部署文件，结构如下:

├── Capfile
├── config
│   ├── deploy
│   │   ├── production.rb
│   │   └── staging.rb
│   └── deploy.rb
├── lib
│   └── capistrano
│   └── tasks
└── log
└── capistrano.log

production.rb、staging.rb对应不同环境的服务器及配置。

cap production deploy

服务器推送后的目录如下：

├── current -> /tmp/stock/releases/20180102061709
├── releases
│   ├── 20171229041438
│   └── 20180102061709
├── repo
├── revisions.log
└── shared

ubuntu无法开机自启动nginx

Fri, 29 Jun 2018 06:32:56 +0000

阿里云到期了涨价，只好申请了降配续费。阿里自动重启服务器后，发现nginx没有开机自启动。

guoj@iZ2ze8wsk0m120dsi7m0juZ:~$ sudo runlevel
N 5

配好好一切后，重启服务器，奇迹并没有发生，nginx还是没有启动。

guoj@iZ2ze8wsk0m120dsi7m0juZ:~$ sudo cat /etc/init.d/nginx 
#!/bin/sh

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:       nginx
# Required-Start:    $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Required-Stop:     $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx

# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then
        . /etc/default/nginx
fi

STOP_SCHEDULE="${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}"

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions

# Try to extract nginx pidfile
PID=$(cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)
if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
        PID=/run/nginx.pid
fi

if [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then
        # Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx
        ulimit $ULIMIT
fi

start_nginx() {
        # Start the daemon/service
        #
        # Returns:
        #   0 if daemon has been started
        #   1 if daemon was already running
        #   2 if daemon could not be started
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test &gt; /dev/null \
                || return 1
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \
                $DAEMON_OPTS 2&gt;/dev/null \
                || return 2
}

test_config() {
        # Test the nginx configuration
        $DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&1
}

stop_nginx() {
        # Stops the daemon/service
        #
        # Return
        #   0 if daemon has been stopped
        #   1 if daemon was already stopped
        #   2 if daemon could not be stopped
        #   other if a failure occurred
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
        RETVAL="$?"
        sleep 1
        return "$RETVAL"
}

reload_nginx() {
        # Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
        start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
        return 0
}

rotate_logs() {
        # Rotate log files
        start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
        return 0
}

upgrade_nginx() {
        # Online upgrade nginx executable
        # http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html
        #
        # Return
        #   0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded
        #   1 if nginx is not running
        #   2 if the pid files were not created on time
        #   3 if the old master could not be killed
        if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then
                # Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file
                while [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; do
                        cnt=`expr $cnt + 1`
                        if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then
                                return 2
                        fi
                        sleep 1
                done
                # Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master
                if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then
                        return 0
                else
                        return 3
                fi
        else
                return 1
        fi
}

case "$1" in
        start)
                log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
                start_nginx
                case "$?" in
                        0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                        2)   log_end_msg 1 ;;
                esac
                ;;
        stop)
                log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
                stop_nginx
                case "$?" in
                        0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                        2)   log_end_msg 1 ;;
                esac
                ;;
        restart)
                log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"

                # Check configuration before stopping nginx
                if ! test_config; then
                        log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
                        exit $?
                fi

                stop_nginx
                case "$?" in
                        0|1)
                                start_nginx
                                case "$?" in
                                        0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                                        1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
                                        *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
                                esac
                                ;;
                        *)
                                # Failed to stop
                                log_end_msg 1
                                ;;
                esac
                ;;
        reload|force-reload)
                log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"

                # Check configuration before stopping nginx
                #
                # This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
                # may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.
                # We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
                # to the administrator.
                if ! test_config; then
                        log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
                        exit $?
                fi

                reload_nginx
                log_end_msg $?
                ;;
        configtest|testconfig)
                log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
                test_config
                log_end_msg $?
                ;;
        status)
                status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
                ;;
        upgrade)
                log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
                upgrade_nginx
                log_end_msg $?
                ;;
        rotate)
                log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
                rotate_logs
                log_end_msg $?
                ;;
        *)
                echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" &gt;&2
                exit 3
                ;;
esac

手动启动/etc/init.d/nginx start也是没起来。systemctl start nginx报错如下：

Capistrano v3修改部署后文件目录权限

Thu, 04 Jan 2018 01:00:59 +0000

在部署完项目后，可能会需要对部署好的项目文件和目录做一些权限上的更改。可以，通过下面两种方式的任务完成。其它，个性要求同理。

注意：capistrano v2中的latest_release，在capistrano v3已变更为release_path

namespace :permission do
    desc "permission update"
    task :update do
        on roles(:app), in: :sequence, wait: 5 do
            execute :echo, "hello"
            execute :chown, "-R www:www #{release_path}"
	    execute :chmod, "-R 755 #{release_path}"
        end
    end
end

namespace :deploy do
    after :finishing, "permission:update"
end

或者

namespace :permission do
    desc "permission update"
    task :update do
        on roles(:all), in: :sequence, wait: 5 do
            execute :echo, "change start"
            within release_path  do
                 execute :chown, "-R www:www *"
				 execute :chmod, "-R 755 #{release_path}"
            end
        end
    end
end

namespace :deploy do
    after :finishing, "permission:update"
end

Capistrano v3推送指定版本

Wed, 03 Jan 2018 01:36:22 +0000

capistrano v3使用属性branch控制版本信息，默认值是:master。实际中，经常需要根据测试、生成环境发布不同的版本。

修改deploy.rb

set :branch, ENV["REVISION"] || ENV["BRANCH_NAME"] || "master"

或者

set :branch, ENV.fetch("REVISION", "master")

推送v1.0版本则运行：

REVISION=v1.0 cap production deploy

推送master则运行：